Sigmoidoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy – What Is It?

Sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the lower part of the large intestine, specifically the rectum and the sigmoid colon. The examination is performed using a sigmoidoscope, a tube-shaped instrument equipped with an optical system and a light source. This procedure can help diagnose various conditions affecting the lower large intestine. It also enables certain medical interventions and assists in determining the most appropriate treatment.

The main difference between sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy is that colonoscopy examines the entire large intestine, whereas sigmoidoscopy is limited to the rectum and sigmoid colon.

Why Is a Sigmoidoscopy Performed?

A sigmoidoscopy may be recommended if the following symptoms are present:

• Rectal bleeding.
• Unexplained changes in bowel habits.
• Abdominal pain.
• Unintentional weight loss.
• Chronic diarrhea or constipation.
• Persistent or unusual mucus in the stool.

Sigmoidoscopy helps diagnose colorectal cancer, colon polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), diverticulosis, rectal cancer, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and other conditions.

Before the Sigmoidoscopy Procedure

A consultation with a gastroenterologist is required before undergoing a sigmoidoscopy. The procedure may be recommended by either a family physician or a gastroenterologist.

• Before the procedure, inform your doctor about all medications you are taking so that specific instructions can be provided regarding medication use prior to the examination. Follow all instructions given by your doctor.
• Iron supplements are usually discontinued one week before the procedure, as iron may darken the stool and reduce visibility during the examination.
• For several days before the procedure, follow a low-fiber diet. It is important to avoid raw vegetables, fresh fruits, seeds, nuts, and whole-grain products.
• The day before the procedure, your doctor may recommend bowel preparation using laxatives.
• On the day of the procedure, avoid solid food for at least 6 hours before the examination. Liquids should generally be avoided for 2 to 4 hours before the procedure.

Please note that specific recommendations may vary depending on the patient’s health condition.

How Is a Sigmoidoscopy Performed?

• The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia. The patient changes into disposable clothing and lies on their left side during the examination.
• The doctor gently inserts the sigmoidoscope through the anus into the rectum and slowly advances it toward the sigmoid colon.
• The sigmoidoscope introduces air to expand the bowel and improve visibility. The device illuminates the lining of the intestine and transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to assess the condition of the mucosa and identify any abnormalities.
• If necessary, the doctor may perform interventions such as a biopsy or polyp removal.
  The procedure typically takes approximately 15 to 20 minutes.

Other Diagnostic Procedures Performed by a Gastroenterologist

Rectoscopy – an endoscopic examination used to assess the rectum and detect rectal abnormalities.

Anoscopy – an endoscopic examination used to evaluate the anal canal, the lower rectum, and related conditions.

Colonoscopy – an endoscopic examination used to assess the entire large intestine and its abnormalities.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy – an endoscopic examination used to evaluate the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and related conditions.