Laparoscopic cystectomy

Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy

An ovarian cyst is a newly developed pathological formation in the ovary that occurs when fluid accumulates within a natural cavity of the ovary. Cysts resemble a "balloon" of varying size, surrounded by a smooth, thin wall and filled with fluid that may differ in colour, clarity, thickness, consistency, and composition. Cysts may occur in one ovary or both ovaries simultaneously and may be single or multiple. Most ovarian cysts are benign and functional, meaning they develop due to a temporary disruption of ovarian function and often disappear spontaneously without treatment, leaving no lasting effects. If a cyst is large, continues to grow, or does not resolve within 2 to 3 menstrual cycles, your doctor may recommend surgical removal. Cysts may also be removed if they cause pain or other symptoms.

A laparoscopic cystectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove an ovarian cyst.

Who Is This Procedure Suitable For?

Surgical treatment may be necessary if the cyst continues to enlarge, if acute abdominal pain develops, or if there is a risk of ovarian torsion, cyst rupture, or leakage of cyst contents into the abdominal cavity.

Before Surgery:

Our team of specialists will perform the necessary examinations and assess your overall health condition.

Before surgery, please follow your doctor's instructions carefully to help ensure the best possible outcome.

During Surgery:

The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia using a laparoscopic approach. Small incisions measuring approximately 1 to 1.5 cm are made in the abdominal wall, through which a camera system and surgical instruments are inserted into the abdominal cavity. A 1 cm incision is first made near the navel. Carbon dioxide gas is then introduced into the abdominal cavity through a special needle to elevate the abdominal wall and create sufficient space for visualisation and surgical access. A laparoscope, a specialised optical instrument equipped with a light source, is inserted through a trocar placed at the umbilical incision. Two to three additional small incisions measuring approximately 0.5 to 1 cm are made in the abdominal wall to introduce specialised surgical instruments such as scissors, graspers, and electrosurgical devices. A uterine manipulator may be used during the procedure to improve access and visibility. This device is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, allowing the surgeon to move the uterus as required. Under camera guidance, the ovarian cyst is opened, and its contents are removed if necessary. The cyst wall is carefully separated from the ovarian tissue and removed. Bleeding is controlled, and the ovary is repaired using absorbable sutures where appropriate. A drain may be placed in the abdominal cavity if required for postoperative monitoring and bleeding control. At the end of the procedure, the instruments are removed, the gas is released from the abdominal cavity, and the incisions are closed. Advantages of the laparoscopic approach include a shorter hospital stay, fewer infectious complications, reduced postoperative pain, and minimal scarring due to the small incisions. The operation typically takes approximately 2 hours.

After Surgery:

Depending on your clinical condition, you may be monitored in the intensive care or recovery unit after surgery. In uncomplicated cases, most patients are discharged home the following day.

If you experience side effects related to anaesthesia, such as headache, nausea, or vomiting, inform the medical staff so that appropriate treatment can be provided.Some pain around the surgical incisions is expected. Please inform the healthcare team if you experience pain. Discomfort usually resolves within 7 to 10 days. If pain persists, contact your doctor.An intravenous catheter will remain in place until you are able to eat and drink normally. Your doctor will advise you when oral intake can be resumed. The surgical incisions may be closed with individual sutures that remain in place for 7 to 10 days before removal by your doctor. Dressings will be changed regularly. Keep the wounds clean and covered until they are fully healed and no longer produce any discharge. It is generally recommended to avoid getting the incisions wet for 7 to 10 days, or until healing has occurred. If a drain has been placed in the abdominal cavity, it is usually removed after 3 to 4 days or sooner if no longer required. A urinary catheter may be left in place for 1 to 2 days after surgery to allow urine to drain into a collection bag. After removal, you should be able to urinate within approximately 3 hours. If you are unable to do so, notify the medical staff. Bowel movements may be temporarily impaired due to reduced intestinal activity after surgery. Medication or enemas may be prescribed if necessary. Early mobilisation is extremely important after surgery. Walking and moving as soon as possible help prevent the formation of blood clots in the legs and reduce the risk of these clots travelling to the lungs, which can be life-threatening. Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) may be prescribed if indicated. Light pink vaginal discharge may occur for several weeks after surgery. If bleeding becomes heavy, contact your doctor immediately. It is normal to experience increased fatigue during recovery. Gradually return to your usual level of activity. Recovery typically takes approximately 6 to 8 weeks, while complete adjustment may take several months. Avoid strenuous physical activity for at least 6 weeks after surgery. Sexual intercourse should also be avoided for several weeks, as advised by your doctor.

Contact Your Doctor If:

You experience heavy vaginal bleeding or bleeding from the wound.
You develop heavy vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odour.
You experience severe lower abdominal pain.
You develop a fever, chills, or shortness of breath.
You experience pain that is not relieved by prescribed pain medication.
Your abdomen becomes swollen, you are unable to pass gas, or you cannot have a bowel movement.
You notice swelling, redness, tenderness around the wound, or separation of the wound edges.

Before discharge, your doctor will provide detailed instructions regarding further treatment and recovery.

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