Fetal heart tone assessment (CTG)

Fetal Heart Tone Assessment (CTG): Monitoring Fetal Well-Being During Pregnancy

Fetal heart tone assessment, performed using cardiotocography (CTG), is a non-invasive procedure used to monitor fetal heart activity and uterine contractions during pregnancy. This assessment is important for evaluating fetal well-being, identifying potential abnormalities, and helping ensure a safe pregnancy.

What Is Fetal Heart Tone Assessment (CTG)?

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a procedure that records two main parameters:

• Fetal Heart Rate (FHR): measured using an ultrasound transducer placed on the pregnant woman's abdomen.
• Uterine Contractions: recorded using a dedicated sensor that is also placed on the abdomen.

The recorded data are displayed graphically on paper or a computer screen, creating a CTG trace. The physician analyzes this trace to assess changes in the fetal heart rate in relation to uterine contractions and fetal movements.

When Is Fetal Heart Tone Assessment (CTG) Performed?

CTG is most commonly performed during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester and during labor, in order to:

• Assess fetal well-being: determine whether the fetus is receiving adequate oxygen and whether heart activity is normal.
• Detect fetal distress: identify signs of oxygen deprivation or other forms of fetal stress.
• Monitor uterine contractions: evaluate labor activity and assess the risk of preterm labor.
• Monitor pregnancies with risk factors: such as high blood pressure, diabetes, multiple pregnancy, reduced fetal movements, or post-term pregnancy.
• Before and during labor: assess fetal well-being.

Procedure at the Clinic:

The CTG procedure is performed while the patient is lying on her back or side. A doctor or nurse places two sensors on the abdomen: one to record fetal heart activity and the other to monitor uterine contractions. The sensors are secured with belts. The procedure is painless and typically lasts 20-40 minutes.

Interpretation of Results:

The CTG trace is analyzed by an obstetrician-gynecologist. The assessment includes evaluation of the fetal heart rate, its variability (fluctuations), accelerations (temporary increases in heart rate), decelerations (temporary decreases in heart rate), as well as the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions.

• Normal CTG trace: indicates that the fetus is in good condition.
• Abnormal CTG trace: may suggest fetal distress or other abnormalities requiring further investigation or medical intervention.

It is important to emphasize that CTG results should always be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional, taking into account the patient's complete medical history, the course of pregnancy, and other relevant diagnostic findings.