Microsomal antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (ATPO)

Anti-TPO is the most important indicator of an autoimmune process in the thyroid gland. During an autoimmune process, anti-TPO antibodies (ATPO) are produced, which are directed against a thyroid-specific protein — thyroid peroxidase. The ATPO test is important for diagnosing and monitoring thyroid diseases.

Anti-TPO should be detected as early as possible, as hypothyroidism is often identified only after it has already developed. Hypothyroidism is a condition caused by reduced production of thyroid hormones. It is very common, and the main cause is the destruction of the thyroid gland due to autoimmune diseases.

The ATPO test is performed not only to detect thyroid disorders but also to help avoid surgical intervention. It is particularly important for pregnant women, as elevated levels of thyroid microsomal antibodies may indicate a risk of miscarriage or premature birth.

An increase in these antibodies during pregnancy also raises the risk that the mother may develop an autoimmune thyroid disorder after delivery. The test is also important if close relatives have had thyroid diseases, or if thyroid nodules are noticed or palpated.