Preventive Dentistry and Oral Hygiene Center

Professional Oral Hygiene

Dental calculus (tartar) consists of mineralized dental plaque. Although calcium deposits are typically white, tartar appears quite dark. This is because, in addition to calcium salts, it also contains food debris, dead cells, bacteria, phosphorus, iron salts, and various other substances. Dental plaque is the main cause of tooth and gum diseases.

Dental Plaque

Dental calculus forms when plaque is not properly removed. Throughout the day, teeth become covered with soft plaque, which can be removed using a toothbrush, dental floss, and mouthwash. However, it is not always possible to clean it perfectly. After a few days, plaque begins to mineralize, and within 10–20 days it hardens into tartar.

Microorganisms accumulate in plaque and become the main cause of tooth decay. Tartar prevents the natural cleaning of the mouth, allowing bacteria to multiply. This can lead to bad breath, gum inflammation, and eventually periodontitis, which damages teeth and causes bone loss. To prevent dental and gum diseases, it is necessary to undergo professional oral hygiene regularly.

Causes of Tartar Formation

Tartar may develop if a person:

• Does not brush their teeth or does so irregularly (not twice a day)
• Brushes incorrectly
• Uses low-quality toothbrushes or toothpaste
• Eats mostly soft foods
• Chews only on one side of the jaw
• Has metabolic disorders, especially salt metabolism issues

Tartar formation can also be influenced by rough tooth surfaces or improper tooth alignment.

How Is Professional Oral Hygiene Performed?

Before the procedure, teeth may be numbed if necessary. During the procedure:

• Tartar is removed using an ultrasonic device
• Deposits in periodontal pockets are removed with special instruments
• Fluoride varnish and GC calcium cream may be applied to strengthen teeth and reduce sensitivity

Stains from tobacco, red wine, tea, coffee, and other substances are removed using a modern method called Air Flow, which uses a powerful stream of air, water, and medical soda powder. After the procedure, teeth may appear up to half a shade whiter.

Usually, one or two visits are needed. The procedure is recommended twice a year, or every 3–4 months for patients prone to heavy tartar buildup or periodontal disease.

At the clinic, a dental hygienist not only performs cleaning but also evaluates oral hygiene habits, teaches proper techniques, and recommends suitable products.

What Is Teeth Whitening?

Teeth whitening is the lightening of tooth color using chemical agents that oxidize organic pigments inside the tooth. It should not be confused with whitening toothpaste or chewing gum, which only remove surface stains without changing the actual tooth structure.

Teeth whitening is a cosmetic dental procedure that allows patients to achieve a brighter, whiter smile.

Why Do Teeth Change Color?

Tooth discoloration can be caused by:

• Aging
• Coffee, tea, red wine
• Smoking
• Genetics
• Tooth trauma
• Antibiotic use

Is Teeth Whitening Safe?

Yes. Numerous studies confirm that professional whitening is safe and does not damage teeth or gums. It does not change tooth structure but breaks down pigments to lighten color.

The main whitening agent is carbamide peroxide, a mild form of hydrogen peroxide. It safely dissolves stains without damaging enamel. Studies show that it may even be less harmful than abrasive whitening toothpaste.

The effectiveness depends on tooth structure, enamel thickness, and pigment resistance. A dentist will recommend the most suitable method during consultation.

What Should Be Done Before Whitening?

Proper preparation is essential:

• Professional cleaning – removes plaque and stains for even results
• Oral health assessment – ensures there are no cavities or gum disease
• Individual treatment plan – tailored to enamel thickness, sensitivity, and expectations
• Post-treatment planning – fillings and crowns do not change color, so aesthetic procedures are usually done after whitening

Teeth Whitening Methods

Philips Zoom Laser Whitening

A safe, fast, and effective method.

• Typically requires a single session (up to 2 hours)
• Teeth can become 6–7 shades lighter
• No enamel damage
• Minimal sensitivity
• Gel is activated by light and heat

Enlighten Whitening System

Custom trays are made and worn at home with whitening gel, followed by in-clinic treatment.

• Can achieve up to 16 shades lighter
• Long-lasting and even results
• Can reach a very bright natural shade (B1)
• Convenient for at-home use

Home Whitening

• Custom trays worn 3–8 hours daily (usually overnight)
• Treatment lasts 10–14 days
• More affordable but requires discipline
• Temporary sensitivity may occur

In-Clinic Whitening

• Faster but more expensive
• Strong gel activated by light
• Takes about 1 hour
• Best results after 2–3 sessions

Internal Whitening (Single Tooth)

Non-vital teeth are whitened from the inside by placing whitening material into the root canal. Usually repeated every few years.

Important Notes

• Whitening does not affect fillings or crowns, so they may need replacement after the procedure
• Whitening should be done before aesthetic restorations
• Whitening is not recommended in cases of gum inflammation, periodontitis, or severe enamel wear